"When part of a mechanism is concealed from observation, the behaviour of the machine seems remarkable." This quote was from English psychiatrist Ross Ashby at a 1956 Dartmouth College technology workshop, later known as the "founding event" of artificial intelligence. It's long been known that what we don't see, we do not understand, and what we do not understand, we cannot—and often do not willingly—interrogate. In the modern age of artificial intelligence, this observat

Whether she is caring for a patient with diabetes in New Haven or collaborating with colleagues in Uganda, Dr. Tracy Rabin approaches medicine with the same principle: healthcare begins by listening. Dr. Rabin is an associate professor of medicine at Yale School of Medicine. She is trained in both internal medicine and pediatrics, although her current focus is on adult primary care. Much of her clinical work focuses on caring for patients with diabetes in outpatient settings

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) contribute to tens of thousands of deaths annually in the United States (Bhandari). These HAIs are caused by bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens, some of which have developed high levels of resistance due to the widespread use of antibiotics in hospital settings (Cleveland Clinic). These infections not only pose a serious threat to patients, but also further spread these deadly pathogens. However, a promising new solution has emerged: sh

Abstract Understanding the origins of the cosmos has long been one of the greatest mysteries in the world of astrophysics. This article explores three major theoretical ideas - Chaotic Boundary Conditions, the Anthropic Principle, and the Inflation Theory - that attempt to explain the initial conditions of the universe and how it has evolved into the universe observed today. These models come together to explain issues such as the multiverse and the flat and smooth composit