"When part of a mechanism is concealed from observation, the behaviour of the machine seems remarkable." This quote was from English psychiatrist Ross Ashby at a 1956 Dartmouth College technology workshop, later known as the "founding event" of artificial intelligence. It's long been known that what we don't see, we do not understand, and what we do not understand, we cannot—and often do not willingly—interrogate. In the modern age of artificial intelligence, this observat

Abstract Understanding the origins of the cosmos has long been one of the greatest mysteries in the world of astrophysics. This article explores three major theoretical ideas - Chaotic Boundary Conditions, the Anthropic Principle, and the Inflation Theory - that attempt to explain the initial conditions of the universe and how it has evolved into the universe observed today. These models come together to explain issues such as the multiverse and the flat and smooth composit

Families who are trying to solve the mystery of rare genetic disorders often have to endure a long journey before the diagnosis: a journey that doctors refer to as the “diagnostic odyssey.” The patients visit different doctors and must perform repeated tests before waiting for the genetic sequencing result, which often fails to explain the disorder despite the long search. Recently, however, a potential bypass into this labyrinth has come via the use of artificial intelligenc

How far should we go to fight climate change? Would you take a risk for our planet? The Locking Ocean Carbon in the Northeast Shelf and Slope Project, otherwise known as the LOC-NESS Project, is a research experiment conducting ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) in Wilkinson’s Bay in the Gulf of Maine. The project is supported by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and SubhasLabs. On August 13, 2025, scientists released over 16,500 gallons of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Introduction Have you ever heard of Rosalind Franklin? Maybe so, but what about Chien-Shiung Wu? Do you know anything about Nettie Stevens? These are just three of many talented scientists who did not get the credit they deserved for their work. Throughout history, many hard-working people, especially scientists, have been forgotten or have not been recognized for their contributions to the world we live in. It is important for us to remember these people to honor their lega

With the release of ChatGPT to the general public in November 2022, discussions of artificial intelligence became mainstream, and the implications of AI for many facets of human society became apparent. Students could use large language models (LLMs) to complete their homework in record time, customer support agents could employ artificial neural networks (ANNs) to analyze queries, and linear regression machine learning (ML) models could be used for price prediction in financ